{"id":913,"date":"2019-04-11T13:56:33","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T12:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/?p=913"},"modified":"2025-08-21T18:18:41","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T17:18:41","slug":"die-presse-european-public-service-media-for-a-more-free-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/2019\/04\/11\/die-presse-european-public-service-media-for-a-more-free-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Die Presse: European Public Service Media for a more free Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

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In the mid 1990s, the Unites States Congress stopped funding Radio Free Europe \u2013 Radio Liberty (RFE\/RL) on the grounds that it had accomplished its mission. Just a few years before, the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, allowing the once oppressed Central and Eastern European countries to become part of the democratic world with its freedom of speech and press. The remaining part of the RFE\/RL moved to Prague. Broadcasts in the various Central European languages, such as Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, etc., were terminated one after the other.\u00a0The materials collected during the four decades of the cold war in relation with the operation of RFE\/RL were transferred partly to the Hoover Archives and partly to the Open Society Archives (OSA \u2013 currently known as Vera and Donald Blinken Archives) of Budapest\u2019s Central European University. At present, the OSA archive is one of the world\u2019s largest deposits of RFE\/RL materials and one of the world\u2019s most renowned scientific centres in this area. When I helped transfer the archives from Dornbach (near Munich, Germany) to Budapest in my capacity as the vice president of the Central European University, we were indeed convinced that this world without the freedom of the press was going to be held forever within the confines of historical archives along with all these documents.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, we were wrong. The university hosting the OSA Archives was dismantled and driven away from Hungary (some consolation lies in the fact that the university was welcomed with open arms by Vienna, a city that appreciates liberty); the freedom of the press was practically eliminated and a free media outlet like Radio Free Europe is more sorely needed than ever.<\/p>\n

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The freedom of the press is exposed to an increasing pressure in several European countries. For example, media pluralism has completely disappeared in Hungary, a quarter of a century after the fall of Communism. The authoritarian-leaning governing party has centralized the media and pushed a legislation to create a media conglomerate through the Hungarian Parliament. This media monopoly is no longer governed by the effective laws of business competition. This last step has finally eliminated the free press in Hungary.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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In the meantime, Western European national media outlets are also flooded by anti-EU and extremist fake news contents. In certain EU member states, the source of the fake news and the instigating propaganda is the government-controlled media. The Brexit is an unfortunate and early example of how fake news can be spread via modern technologies, thus allowing for influencing the society.<\/p>\n

Fake news may be spread by non-European sources funded by countries hostile to Europe for economic or geopolitical reasons, or by sources within Europe, too. The latter typically involves the governments of the particular countries generating fake news at the taxpayers\u2019 expense. This is a serious concern for all conscious citizens, regardless of their political views \u2013 liberal or conservative, pro-right or pro-left \u2013 as long as they hold democratic values in high regard.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This multi-layer problem is so grave that it cannot be solved at national level. Market forces are unable to counterbalance the totalitarian behaviour of a government since such governments can employ various means to control the advertisement and other revenues of the market-based media. I believe that the European Union has a real mission and role in this area. The real solution can only be a European Public Broadcasting and News Service\u00a0(EPBNS) \u2013\u00a0which national broadcasting authorities would be obliged to operate in each and every EU member state.<\/p>\n

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The need to establish a European public service media was first raised by former Socialist MEPs Jakob von Weizs\u00e4cker and Andr\u00e9 Wilkens in 2017.\u00a0Financed by the European taxpayers\u2019 money, such an EU-owned and controlled media service could provide correct information for European citizens, without any political bias or market pressure.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Similarly to BBC World Service and the former Radio Free Europe, the EPBNS would broadcast in all EU languages and its activities would be controlled by the European Commission and an EU-appointed supervisory committee consisting of professionals fully independent from the national government in each country. This supervisory committee would not be dependant on national governments in any way; its work could not be influenced in any manner by the national government, the media authority, etc. Its impartiality would be overseen by the relevant Commissioner, directorate of the EC. Of course, it is necessary to conduct the proper debates on the establishment and operation of such media. There is a potential solution where programming and production would be done in a) a European centre putting out global and European news programmes and b) in national centres producing the programmes for the particular countries. The latter would be overseen by the EU-appointed national supervisory committees. In addition to the news programmes, national producers would put out live programmes, studio discussions, documentaries and cultural programmes in line with the country\u2019s traditions, providing equal access for the various groups of the society. The national division\u2019s management, programming and recruitment of production staff would be controlled by the national supervisory committee while the operative budget would be provided by the EU directly (not via the national governments). The\u00a0EPBNS could have a television, radio and online division. The media authorities, broadcasting organizations, etc. of EU member states would be obliged to provide free broadcasting opportunities, frequencies, etc. for the various EPBNS divisions by following the principle of allowing access for all EU citizens to these programmes free of charge, as their fundamental right. Similarly to BBC and other public service media outlets, EPBNS would be funded by European taxpayers. It would be a significant amount but still probably infinitesimal compared to the costs incurred through the fake news and the anti-EU propaganda. Initially, the EPBNS could be financed from the EU funds withheld from states not complying with the principles of the rule of law.<\/p>\n

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Political decision makers of the post-Brexit era must understand the responsibility that the appearance of new technologies provide more efficient means than ever to influence the public opinion.\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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Furthermore, we must not ignore the fact that Europe is struggling with an identity crisis. The establishment of a European public service media would also create an excellent opportunity for European nations to reinforce their European culture and identity and get a deeper insight into each other\u2019s cultures. For example, the EPBNS\u2019 entertainment division would only broadcast the quality pieces of European film heritage and contemporary motion picture art (similarly to the practice of BBC or PBS).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Regardless if they come from a non-EU or an EU country, the distributors of fake news are using false information to break the European identity.\u00a0States and politicians believing in European values and community should consider the preservation of the European identity as one of their primary tasks, in which the fight against fake news could be instrumental. Similarly to how Radio Free Europe was fighting against Soviet fake news and brainwashing, these front lines exist in today\u2019s era as well. In fact, the proliferation of communication channels allows them to exert an exponential impact on our societies.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Radio services and the propaganda spread by them, i.e., the \u201cfake news\u201d of the time formed a key element in the rise of major totalitarian ideologies and dictatorships. Today in the early 21st century, we live in the era of information societies where the newly-developed Internet-based technologies are already being replaced by solutions driven by artificial intelligence. Thus it is the EU\u2019s fundamental interest to develop a modern public service media portfolio in order to prevent the distribution of fake news, as well as to reinforce the European identity and Europe\u2019s geopolitical role.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/diepresse.com\/home\/meinung\/5610464\/Wir-brauchen-ein-europaeisches-oeffentlichrechtliches-Medium<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Photo Credit (Cover Photo as well): Szilvia Kecsmar<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/h1>\n

Die Presse:<\/h1>\n

Wir brauchen ein europ\u00e4isches \u00f6ffentlich-rechtliches Medium!<\/h1>\n

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In mehreren L\u00e4ndern Europas ist die Pressefreiheit in Gefahr, in Ungarn existiert die Redefreiheit praktisch nicht mehr, ein Medium wie das Radio Freies Europa w\u00e4re so notwendig wie selten zuvor.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Mitte der 90er Jahre stellte der Amerikanische Kongress die Unterst\u00fctzung des Radios “Freies Europa” und des “Freien Radios” (RFE\/RL) mit der Begr\u00fcndung ein, dass sie ihre Aufgabe erf\u00fcllt h\u00e4tten. Vor 20 Jahren wurde die Berliner Mauer 1989 abgebaut, womit die damaligen unterdr\u00fcckten ostmitteleurop\u00e4ischen L\u00e4nder in die Welt der Rede- und Pressefreiheit eintraten. Der verbliebene Teil des RFE\/RL zog nach Prag um. Die mitteleurop\u00e4ischen Sender wurden nacheinander stumm, und das mit dem Betrieb des Radios verbundene, w\u00e4hrend der vier Jahrzehnte des Kalten Krieges gesammelte Material geriet teilweise in das Hoover Archiv, und in das Archiv der Offenen Gesellschaft der Central European University (OSA, aktuell: Vera und Donald Blinken Archiv). Das OSA ist auch heutzutage der gr\u00f6\u00dfte Verwalter der RFE\/RL-Materialien, und in diesen Bereichen eines der anerkanntesten wissenschaftlichen Zentren der Welt. Als ich als Vizepr\u00e4sident der Central European University am Umzug der Materialien vom neben M\u00fcnchen liegenden Dornach nach Budapest teilnahm, dachten wir, dass diese Welt ohne Pressefreiheit mit den Materialien auf ewig in die historischen Archive geraten werden.<\/p>\n

Leider lagen wir falsch. Die, die OSA beherbergende, Universit\u00e4t wurde zerschlagen und aus Ungarn vertrieben (es bedeutet Trost, dass die die Freiheit als Wert betrachtende Stadt Wien die Central European University mit offenen Armen empfing), die Redefreiheit existiert praktisch nicht mehr, und ein Medium wie das Radio Freies Europa w\u00e4re so notwendig, wie selten zuvor.<\/p>\n

In mehreren L\u00e4ndern Europas ist die Lage der Pressefreiheit in Gefahr. Zum Beispiel verschwand der Medienpluralismus in Ungarn, in nur einem Vierteljahrhundert seit dem Zerfall des Kommunismus vollkommen. Die autorit\u00e4re Regierungspartei zentralisierte die ganze Medienlandschaft und dr\u00fcckte sie durch den Aufbau eines Medienkonglomerats durch das ungarische Parlament durch. F\u00fcr dieses Medienmonopol gelten die Gesetze des wirtschaftlichen Wettbewerbs auch nicht – mit diesem Schritt wurde die freie \u00f6ffentlich-rechtliche Presse in Ungarn abgeschafft.<\/p>\n

Inzwischen fluten EU-feindliche und radikale Fake News die nationalen Medien und Westeuropa. In manchen EU-L\u00e4ndern sind es die staatlich kontrollierten Medien, die Fake News und Hetzpropaganda verbreiten. Das ist eine ernste Lage f\u00fcr alle bewussten B\u00fcrger, unabh\u00e4ngig von der eigenen politischen Ideologie, wenn sie die Demokratie f\u00fcr wichtig halten.<\/p>\n

Das mehrschichtige Problem ist so schwierig, dass man es auf Nationalebene nicht l\u00f6sen kann. Die Kr\u00e4fte des Marktes k\u00f6nnen das totalit\u00e4re Verhalten einer Regierung nicht kompensieren, weil die Regierung mit zahlreichen Mitteln die kommerziellen und anderen Einkommen der auf dem Markt basierten Medien unter ihrer Kontrolle halten kann. Meiner Meinung nach hat die Europ\u00e4ische Union in diesem Bereich eine wichtige Mission und Rolle. Nur eine \u201eEuropean Public Broadcasting and News Service” (EPBNS) kann die L\u00f6sung f\u00fcr s\u00e4mtliche nationale Medienbeh\u00f6rden in allen EU-L\u00e4ndern sein, mit einem verbindlichen Betrieb.<\/p>\n

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Wie der BBC World Service<\/h2>\n

Erstmals griffen Jakob von Weizs\u00e4cker und Andr\u00e9 Wilkens die Notwendigkeit der Gr\u00fcndung eines europ\u00e4ischen \u00f6ffentlich-rechtlichen Mediums auf. Ein solches Medium k\u00f6nne glaubw\u00fcrdige Informationen f\u00fcr die europ\u00e4ischen B\u00fcrger im Besitz und unter der F\u00fchrung der EU, mit den Geldern der europ\u00e4ischen Steuerzahler, frei von politischer Befangenheit und wirtschaftlichem Druck bieten. \u00c4hnlich wie das EPBNS, das BBC World Service oder das Radio Freies Europa w\u00e4re es in allen EU-Sprachen empfangbar. Der Aufsichtsrat w\u00e4re von der EU ernannt und best\u00fcnde aus Mitgliedern, die v\u00f6llig unabh\u00e4ngig von nationalen Regierungen w\u00e4re. Die Neutralit\u00e4t w\u00e4re vom zust\u00e4ndigen Beauftragten, dem Direktor der Europ\u00e4ischen Kommission zu pr\u00fcfen.<\/p>\n

Neben den Nachrichtenmagazinen sollten die nationalen Produktionsredakteure gem\u00e4\u00df den Gewohnheiten des Landes Live-Sendungen, Studiogespr\u00e4che, Dokumentarfilme, Kulturmagazinen herstellen und den gleichen Zugriff f\u00fcr die verschiedenen Gruppen der Gesellschaft sichern. Das Management des nationalen Kanals koordiniere die Kommission, und die Struktur der Sendungen, die Aufnahme der Redakteure w\u00fcrde der nationale Aufsichtsrat leiten, und das Betriebsbudget k\u00f6nnte die EU direkt (durch die nationalen Regierungen) gew\u00e4hrleisten. Das EPBNS w\u00fcrde \u00fcber eine online TV- und Radiodivision ebenfalls verf\u00fcgen. Es w\u00e4re Pflicht der Medienbeh\u00f6rden, die Ausstrahler der EU-Mitgliedstaaten, den Divisionen des EPBNS verbindliche und kostenlose Strahlungsm\u00f6glichkeit, Frequenz zu bieten, im Zeichen des Prinzips, dass jeder EU-B\u00fcrger diese Programme kostenlos und aus materiellem Recht erreichen k\u00f6nnte. Wie beim BBC und anderen \u00f6ffentlich-rechtlichen Medien sollte das EPBNS aus europ\u00e4ischen \u00f6ffentlichen Geldern finanziert werden, was ein ma\u00dfgeblicher Betrag ist, aber wahrscheinlich winzig im Gegensatz zu solchen Ausgaben, die infolge der Fake News und EU-feindlicher Propaganda entstehen. Die anf\u00e4ngliche Finanzierung des EPBNS ist aus den von den die Normen der Rechtsstaatlichkeit nicht einhaltenden L\u00e4ndern\u00a0 entzogenen EU-Unterst\u00fctzungen l\u00f6sbar.<\/p>\n

Die Sch\u00f6pfung eines europ\u00e4ischen \u00f6ffentlich-rechtlichen Mediums w\u00fcrde auch die europ\u00e4ische Kultur und Identit\u00e4tst\u00e4rken und zur gegenseitigen Verst\u00e4ndigung der europ\u00e4ischen V\u00f6lker beitragen. Beispielsweise w\u00fcrde die unterhaltende Abteilung des EPBNS nur die niveauvollen Werke des europ\u00e4ischen Filmerbes und der zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Filmkunst vorstellen (\u00e4hnlich wie bei BBC oder PBS).<\/p>\n

Die Gr\u00fcndung eines modernen \u00f6ffentlich-rechtlichen Medienportfolios\u00a0ist ein elementares Interesse der EU, zur Verhinderung der Verbreitung der Fake News, zur\u00a0 St\u00e4rkung der europ\u00e4ischen Identit\u00e4t und der weltpolitischen Rolle Europas.<\/p>\n

Istv\u00e1n Tepl\u00e1n,<\/strong> Vorsitzender der Stiftung Prosum<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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The freedom of the press is exposed to an increasing pressure in several European countries. For example, media pluralism has completely disappeared in Hungary, a quarter of a century after the fall of Communism.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":959,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-commentaries"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=913"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2002,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/913\/revisions\/2002"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/959"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=913"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=913"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prosum-foundation.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}